Exploration Guide:
Many Ways of Improving Teaching/Learning

"Why Bother?" Home Page

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This Web Page is Offered as a Starting Place  for developing an important  "Exploration Guide" that can be used by individuals or teams working in a computer lab as part of a faculty/professional development program

This Exploration Guide is intended to help answer these questions:

For a faculty member:  What are 1 or 2 ways of improving teaching and learning that I should consider and use next in one of my own courses? [Whether or not I adopt/adapt some technology application!]

For someone who is supports faculty members:  What are a few ways of improving teaching and learning that I should introduce or explain to the faculty members who want my help?  [Whether or not they are adopting/adapting technology applications!]

For a related but different approach, see the "Why Bother?" materials.

THIS PAGE IS INCOMPLETE AND EVOLVING!   [I'm still looking for better terms and labels for this list.  "Ways of" or "Approaches for" Improving Teaching/Learning" are not clear enough.  I look forward to working with friends and colleagues to build a Concept Map (using CMAP) that will enable and require us to clarify the terms we're using and the relationships among them. - Steve Gilbert 10/31/2004.]

  1. Introduction

  2. List/Taxonomy of Attractive Approaches (Changes, Ideologies, ...?)

  3. Categories of Change

I.  Introduction

Hypothesis
Faculty members are now confronting both an overwhelming variety of rapidly changing new technology options and an unfamiliar chaos of not-so-new theories, models, principles, jargon, taxonomies, ...intended to help improve teaching and learning!  Faculty members and those who support their efforts to improve teaching and learning need help with finding, understanding, and explaining a few good ways of thinking about, talking about, and making practical improvements in teaching and learning.

Background
Prior to a few years ago, most faculty members in higher education had very few pressures or options for changing how they taught and how their students learned.  Consequently, few faculty members were either required or encouraged to learn about different approaches, different ways of thinking about teaching and learning.  Now the reverse is true.  External pressures (political, financial, popular expectations, ...) for improving (at least changing) teaching and learning have increased.  Information technology continues to provide an accelerating stream of apparently attractive new options for improving (at least changing) teaching and learning.  But most faculty members have had no explicit training, have no formal vocabulary or conceptual framework, that would have prepared them to find, evaluate, and select among educational approaches - ways of thinking about teaching and learning. 

It has become inconceivable that any single faculty/professional development program or any single faculty development professional could or should introduce any faculty member to ALL the attractive possibilities listed below.  It has also become inconceivable to prove that one or two of these "approaches" is absolutely superior to the others.  It is even difficult to compare some of them with some of the others!

THEREFORE:  When launching or advancing a program to help faculty members to improve teaching and learning with technology, select and focus on only a few of these approaches.  The decision can be PERSONAL, EXISTENTIAL or POLITICAL/ECONOMIC:

  • Personal:  Based on individual preferences of participants and/or leaders

  • Existential:  Based on a "leap of faith" and the belief that any approach adopted with enough commitment can succeed

  • Political/Economic:  Based on determining which approaches appeal to some of highest ranking leaders – faculty governance org, compassionate pioneers, academic administrators, legislators, board members, etc.;  and/or determining which approaches seem most financially advantageous.

[NOTE:  Does adoption of ANY of the following attractive educational changes/approaches/ideologies require the development or improvement of “interpersonal skills” as well as changes in thinking and professional behavior?]
 

II.  List/Taxonomy of Attractive Educational Approaches (Changes, Ideologies, ...)
For your amusement, see:  Teach to Fish or Give a Fish?  or Consider "Delivery vs. Engagement Models":  Brief audio-narrated slideshow

[Need to insert below:  references, hot links to relevant resources, especially individuals or organizations that actively advocate or support faculty adoption of these.]

LISTED BY CONCEPTUAL CATEGORIES

INCREMENTAL IMPROVEMENT

  • Low-Threshold Collaborative Hybrid Lifelong Faculty/Professional Development

  • Low-Threshold Applications/Activities

SUBJECT MATTER, CONTENT

  • Re-organize topics

  • Focus on Instructional Bottlenecks

META-...?

  • Meta-Cognition

  • Deep Learning

  • Meta-Professional Development

  • Cognitive Science Findings Applied to Teaching/Learning

  • Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education

  • Bloom’s Taxonomy

DE-PERSONALIZATION

  • Standards

  • Instructional Design

  • Delivery of Information Model

PERSONALIZATION
Explore "Personalizing Pedagogy"

  • Audio

    • Synchronous
    • Asynchronous
    • Sample growing collections of (audio + slides/photos) interviews:
        - Micro-interviews (Includes "Dangerous Discussions")
  • Authenticity (Authentic Teaching)

SCHOLARSHIP OF TEACHING

 

CONSTRUCTIVISM

  • Active Learning

  • Constructivism

  • Problem-Based Learning (esp. in Medical Educ.)

  • Case-Based Learning (esp. in Legal, Business educ.)

Experiential Learning

  • Service Learning

Cooperative & Collaborative Learning & TEACHING

COMMUNITY & CONNECTEDNESS

NON-LINEAR EDUCATION

  • Web-Palette Approach
    (Using Tailored Website as basis for presentation, workshop, class, or course...)

Assessment

  • Constructive Assessment ("Formative"?)/Flashlight Program

  • ePortfolios

  • Outcomes assessment

  • Standards

  • Accountability

  • Common sense clarification of goals, practices

INFORMATION LITERACY

  • Undergrad Research (Information Literacy)

LEARNING RESOURCES (WEB-BASED COLLECTIONS,  REPOSITORIES, & REFERATORIES)

  • "Learning Objects" - [Prefer to use other terms like:  "Learning Resources"  or "Learning Tools"  or "Teaching/Learning Resources"]

  • Collections, Repositories, Referatories

  • Open Source, Open Course

TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
Faculty, students learn to use technology application first, then figure out how to apply it to specific teaching/learning activities or goals.

UNLABELED "GOOD TEACHING"

  • Unrecognized, unacknowledged

  • Visible, rewarded

  • Punished [e.g., Wins “Kiss of Death” prize from undergrads;  gets high student course evaluation ratings]

LISTED ALPHABETICALLY

Accountability

Active Learning

Assessment

Asynchronous

Audio (Asynch, Synch, ...)

Authentic Teaching

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Building Community & Connectedness
(Online & On Campus)

Case-Based Learning

Cognitive Science Findings Applied to Teaching/Learning

Collaborative Learning

Collaborative Teaching

Collections (See "Learning Resources," Repositories, Referatories)

Common Sense Clarification of Goals, etc. [as Assessment]

Community & Connectedness

Constructive Assessment (Formative)

Constructivism

Content/Subject Matter

Cooperative Learning

Dangerous Discussions

Deep Learning

Delivery of Information Model

De-Personalization

E-Portfolios

Experiential Learning

Flashlight Program

Formative Assessment

Good Teaching (Unlabelled)

Incremental Improvement

Information Literacy

Instructional Bottlenecks

Instructional Design

Learning Communities

Learning Objects (see "Learning Resources")

Learning Resources (see "Learning Objects")

Low-Threshold Applications/Activities

Low-Threshold Collaborative Hybrid Lifelong Faculty/Professional Development

Meta-...?

Meta-Cognition

Meta-Professional Development

Micro-Interviews

Non-Linear Education

Open Course

Open Source

Outcomes Assessment

Personalization, "Personalizing Pedagogy"

Problem-Based Learning

Referatories (See "Learning Resources")

Reorganize Topics

Repositories (See "Learning Resources")

Scholarship of Teaching

Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergrad Education

Service Learning

Standards

Subject Matter/Content

Synchronous

Technology Applications

Undergraduate Research

Unlabeled Good Teaching

Web-Palette Approach

III.  Categories of Change

To improve teaching and learning with technology

To improve educational uses of information technology

Kinds of Change

 

Evolutionary

 

Incremental

Transformational [In biological evolutionary theory, depends on significant environmental change]

Outside the classroom

Easy

E.g., WP, Email, Web

??Argue about current use of Email

Inside the classroom

White boards, overhead projectors

Linear use of PowerPoint

????

Biggest changes in Dissemination/Usage

word-processing  from 0 to 95+% usage by faculty and students in 5-10 years(?)

email  from 0 to 90+% usage by faculty and students in 5 years(?)

Web from 0 to 80+% usage by faculty and students in < 5 years(?)

These adoptions (WP, email, Web) of technologies (independent of consideration of HOW they are used) require mostly physical “dexterity skills” rather than changes in thinking and professional behavior – as perceived by faculty members themselves.

Attractive changes/approaches/ideologies listed above – even when aggregated - are probably being used by < 5% of all faculty, students;  most of them are not even known by more than 10% of all faculty (?).  Most faculty would think that adopting and using any one of these requires significant changes in how they think and how they behave in their professional roles as teachers [are higher ed “teachers” really “professional” in those roles?  Answer depends on kind of college or university?  other factors?]. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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